Chapter 22: Ideologies and Upheavals

Introduction: The dual revolution took place between 1815 and 1850, fusing economic and political changes. It posed a large intellectual change for Europeans as liberalism, socialism, and nationalism emerged.

Chapter Objective: In this chapter I hope to learn how socialism and nationalism affected the thought processes of Europeans. I also hope to learn about some important people during this time period.

Essential Question: Who was involved in the Quadruple Alliance and what was the Congress of Vienna?

         - Russia, Austria, Prussia and Great Britain were all a part of the Quadruple Alliance and the Congress of Vienna was a meeting of the Quadruple Alliance to restore France after the defeat of Napoleon.

Charles Fourier:

     - Charles Fourier was born in 1772. Fourier condemned existing social institutions and later in his studies developed the idea that the natural passions of man if properly channeled would result in social harmony. Fourier wrote "Theorie des quatre mouvements" in 1808 and created "Fourierism". Charles Fourier died in 1837.

Victor Hugo:

     - Victor Hugo was born in 1802 and studied law from 1815-1818, however his mother encouraged him to embark into literature. He founded the Conservateur Litteraire and in 1821 Hugo's mother died. Hugo married Adele Foucher and published his first book of poetry. In 1831 Hugo published Notre-Dame de Paris and later published Les Miserables. Hugo's Les Miserables is one of the best known works of 19th century literature. Hugo's writings towards the end of his life were dark and finally Victor Hugo died in 1885.


Eugene Delacroix:
     - Eugene Delacroix was born in 1798 and became pupil under the guidance of Pierre Narcisse Geurin. Delacroix began a career that would make him one of the greatest and most influential French painters. In 1822 and 1824 Delacroix submitted some of his works of art to famous Paris Salons. Delacroix continued to create masterpieces throughout his life and was even influenced by the French Revolution of 1830. Eugene Delacroix died in 1863.


Greek War for Independence (1821-1832):
     -The Greeks, after being ruled by the Ottoman Empire for so long (since 1453), decided to finally revolt and gain their independence. This war lasted 11 years and so many months. The Greeks after a while were aided by Russia, Great Britain and France. Finally in 1832, the Greeks won their independence and became free of the Ottoman Empire.
      - While the Greeks were beginning their fight for independence in Europe, in 1821 free Blacks were given the right to vote in New York in the US. These events can be connected across the continents because the Greeks were fighting for freedom and rights while free Blacks had finally gained some in New York.


Great Famine (1845-1852):
     -The Great Famine was a period of mass starvation in Ireland which led to many Irish immigrating to the US. The famine in Ireland led to much tension between Ireland and Great Britain. This led to the Irish fighting to gain independence in the next century. During the Famine approximately 1 million people died and 1 million more emigrated from Ireland.
     -The Great Famine in Ireland was happening at the same time that the Chinese were encouraged to immigrate to California in the US to work on the railroads. The Chinese immigration and the Irish emigration connect because both were being forced out of their homes while being moved to a new place.

 Picturing the Past:
     - This photo "Dance of the Majos at the Banks of Manzanares" painted by Francisco Goya represents the Romantic movement during the early and mid 1800's. Goya uses rich colors and includes a pretty natural background, making couples the focus of the painting. The Romantic movement was characterized by emotional exuberance and unrestrained imagination, making art work an easy home for this movement to live in and be portrayed. 

 
Self Reflection: 
      -Personally, I enjoyed chapter 22. I really enjoyed learning about the Romantic movement and looking at all the literature and art work. I also really liked learning about all of the "isms" in this chapter and the people that went along with them. I wasn't really interested in the whole Metternich thing though and his conservatism and the Quadruple Alliance. I did however enjoy learning about the Great Famine in Ireland. That's always really interested me and I never really looked into the details before. Plus we learned about Victor Hugo in this chapter and I reall enjoy him because he wrote Les Miserables and I absolutely love that book and movie. Now if I could go see it on Broadway my life would be complete.